I was not in Germany for the fall of the Berlin Wall 20 years ago today. But I got a front seat to business history-in-the-making three months later, when I went to East Germany to report a story about Coca-Cola’s (KO) aggressive ramp-up in Europe following the Communist collapse.

It seems like yesterday.

Talk about a capitalist invasion. I remember how euphoric–genuinely euphoric–East German consumers and shop-owners were to suddenly have access to not only Coca-Cola but “luxuries” like bananas. Bananas! East Germans were, until the Wall came down, practically as unfamiliar with bananas as they were with Fortune magazine.

The visit was surreal, in so many ways. I flew on the Coke plane (no shame in corporate jets back then) on a glorious sunny Sunday from Weimar, a gray city in East Germany, to Nice, in France. Polly Howes, the young and eager Coke PR woman, and I then helicoptered over the deep-blue Mediterranean to Monte Carlo. Coke’s top brass was convening its senior managers and bottlers at Monaco’s elegant Hotel de Paris.

Walking into the bustling lobby, I ran into Don Keough, Coke’s president and Roberto Goizueta, the company’s CEO, who was wearing canary-colored trousers. What a scene! It was stranger still since Goizueta, whom I had come to know, was a quiet, cerebral chemical engineer. Not the yellow pants type of guy. But he was celebrating that day. Here was a man who grew up in Havana and fled Cuba in 1960–now navigating Coca-Cola, the icon of global capitalism, into new markets, now free and open.

Coke’s “speed and seat-of-the-pants decision-making,” as I called it in my 1990 Fortune story, seemed to be just right at the time. Now, 20 years later, we can see how right Coke’s aggressive response really was. Coke’s market share of carbonated soft drinks in Germany stands at 39%. Pepsi’s (PEP) share is 6%, according to Beverage Digest. Consumption of Coke products has risen significantly. And one fellow who was, back when the Wall fell, key to Coke’s European expansion, has risen as well. He is Muhtar Kent, now Coke’s chairman and CEO.

Here’s an excerpt from my 1990 story, “Coke Gets Off its Can in Europe”:

[Coke's bottling plan in] Dunkirk increased production in a flash after the Berlin Wall fell last November. ”If it hadn’t been for this plant, we wouldn’t have been able to move into East Germany so quickly,” says Goizueta. Coca-Cola has left competitors in the dust in East Germany, and the chairman predicts that annual sales there should reach 100 million cases — around $1 billion at retail — in two years or so.

Coke’s success in East Germany shows the increasing importance of speed and seat-of-the-pants decision-making. Heinz Wiezorek, 51, president of the German division, was traveling in Rochester, New York, last November when he saw the Wall fall on TV. He called his West Berlin bottler and said, ”Get Coke out there!” Border crossers in their sputtering Wartburg and Trabant automobiles received free cases of Coke, while East Germans on foot got six-packs and single cans. At one checkpoint, delivery trucks dispensed over 70,000 cans in a few hours. To Wiezorek, diving in fast was crucial. ”There won’t be two colas in restaurants and small outlets,” he says. ”They’ll choose the one that’s first in the market.”

One day in January while strolling East Berlin’s Alexanderplatz, Wiezorek and Coca-Cola senior vice president Doug Ivester (since promoted to head Coca-Cola USA) made a quick, risky decision to accept East German currency, even though they then couldn’t convert it into Western money. Coke and other companies selling in soft-currency markets instead have almost always countertraded, exchanging their goods for local ones, then selling the local products in the West for hard cash. Coca-Cola plans to invest $140 million in East German bottlers, which will package and sell Coke locally.

Ivester, by the way, went onto great success, as Goizueta’s No. 2. After Goizueta died of lung cancer in 1997, Ivester moved up to CEO–and lasted just two years before the board pushed him out. After a couple of poor CEOs and years of disappointing results, Coke finally got back on track under chief Neville Isdell. And now Kent is steering Coke aggressively again.

by Patricia Sellers

Greetings from Atlanta. I’m here for Fortune’s “Most Powerful Women Evening With…” Atlanta is tonight’s stop in a series of regional dinners that we’re hosting annually in addition to the main event, the Most Powerful Women Summit. I’ll be interviewing Food Network star Paula Deen, the silver-haired, Southern-cookin’ entrepreneur and star of the Food Network. Also with us: the top women execs at companies like Coca-Cola (KO), Home Depot (HD), Delta Airlines, (DAL), UPS (UPS), and Turner Broadcasting, which is part of Fortune’s parent, Time Warner (TWX).

It’s fascinating to be here since I grew up, career-wise, learning about business from two Atlanta-based Fortune 500 giants: Home Depot, back in the ’80s and ’90s when co-founders Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank were running the place, and Coca-Cola, when the late CEO Roberto Goizueta built Coke to be Fortune’s No. 1 Most Admired Company.

Isn’t it interesting that a false sense of invincibility and arrogance eventually poisoned both corporate cultures? Coke and Home Depot fell off the tracks, struggled through lines of wrong CEOs, and had their comeuppance. Only after painful cost-cutting and serious strategic rethinking did they begin to return to prominence.

I spent this morning at Coke with some folks who’ve been key to its recovery. One is SVP Wendy Clark, a hotshot marketer who joined Coke last year from AT&T (ATT) and this year made Fortune’s “Women to Watch” list in the Most Powerful Women issue. I also caught up with Clyde Tuggle, Coke’s global communications chief whom I’ve known since the ’80s, the Goizueta days.

Talking with Tuggle reminded me how radically marketing has changed. In May, he told me, he asked Coke’s social media experts to come up with “a big idea” that would be unique and turn consumers into brand marketers–what smart brand-owners must do today. The team delivered an idea called Expedition 206. It’s an online contest in which consumers vote, via Facebook and Twitter and other social networks, to elect a trio who will visit every country in the world where Coke sells its products. (Yes, Coke is in 206 countries.). Consumers have selected three finalist trios–who, if you look at the Expedition 206 site, you’ll see are from all around the world, literally. The winner will emerge in two weeks. Starting January 1, that trio will spend 365 days globetrotting “on a mission, quite simply, to find happiness,” as Tuggle puts it.

It’s a gimmick, but maybe a clever one in this new era when consumers, not companies, control public image.  “We have to move into a space where we let go,” as Tuggle says. “The world gets to experience the brand through the eyes of the consumer, not the company.”

Indeed, the consumer is now the chief marketing and communication officer.

“You’re seeing less of Ford and G.M. and more of Oscar Mayer and Kellogg.”

– George Belch, chairman of the marketing department at San Diego State University, in the New York Times. While financial services companies like Citigroup (C) and automakers like Ford (F) and General Motors (GM) are cutting ad budgets, companies like Kellogg (K) and Kraft (KFT), maker of Oscar Mayer products, are stepping into the advertising void to pitch their basic food brands to budget-minded consumers. –Jessica Shambora

Hey, Starbucks lovers–and critics too! Have you taken the Starbucks Via Taste Challenge? The drip vs. instant coffee faceoff began this morning in Starbucks (SBUX) stores across North America.

If you want to know the science (it involves micro-grinding) behind Starbucks’ new instant, check out this story today by my Fortune tech-writer colleague Michael Copeland. He talked with Andrew Linnemann, Starbucks’ director of green coffee quality and operations, whose mission these past two years has been to make Via worthy of Starbucks branding.

The mission is incomplete, as I see it: I did my own taste tests earlier this week and gave Via lukewarm reviews. So, what do you think of Via?

P.S. To read a barista’s advice to Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, click here.

by Jessica Shambora

The 2009 Fortune Most Powerful Women in Business list is out today. You can find the 50 women, ranked in order, here.

Topping our charts: Pepsico (PEP) chairman and CEO Indra Nooyi. She’s been No. 1 in our rankings every year since 2006, when she ascended to the top job.

Last week, Nooyi sat down with Pattie and talked about leading a $43 billion global corporation in the “age of thrift,” as she calls this challenging era:

Our post, “Why CEOs should do housework,” drew a bunch of interesting comments, including one from Dr. LPC in Canterbury, England, who cites research showing that “couples where husbands contribute to housework are also more likely to have additional children.” Dr. LPC surmises that this “must result from all that additional sex they get…”

Whatever.

That August 11 Postcard was about a new book, due out next month, called Women Want More, by Boston Consulting Group senior partner Michael Silverstein. The book is a Women’s marketer’s guide to capturing “the world’s largest and fastest-growing market.” Last week I had lunch with Silverstein–who labeled me a “fast-tracker,” which is one of his six consumer categories. And I guess it’s the best one to be in since fast-trackers, 24% of the female population, comprise 34% of female earned income. Fast-trackers seek adventure and learning, the marketing man says.

Okay, as I sought more learning on this topic of female buying power (women spend over 70% of consumer dollars globally, I learned, and are outpacing men in income growth), I dove into the data he left for me. One chart, in particular, struck me as practically as interesting as Silverstein’s stats about where in the world husbands do housework and where they don’t.

Practically as interesting–and much more practical, if you’re a marketer.

When Silverstein and his BCG colleagues asked 12,000 women in 22 countries about her “favorite brands,” here are the ones that got the most mentions, in order: Nike (NKE), Apple (AAPL), Sony (SNE), and Banana Republic and its retail sister, Gap (GPS). After those came Adidas (ADDDF), Target (TGT), and Dove (UL).

Investment companies and banks and automakers, Silverstein says, don’t stand a chance in this “favorite brand” tally because women, the BCG research shows, say those businesses don’t understand their needs. “The providers effectively diss women,” Silverstein says.

Hmm, I would add that financial firms and car companies often confuse customers more than simplify. They complicate their offerings. Nike, Apple and the other favorites score because their pitches are clear and direct, even when the products are complex.

And what do women want more of most of all? Time.

That, we all could’ve guessed!

Home Depot (HD) hammered it home this morning–earnings beat expectations, and the stock is up 3%, to just under $27. Nice surprise after Lowe’s (LOW) disappointed yesterday. The No. 2 home-improvement retailer reported a 19% profit dip in its second quarter and, even more worrisome to investors, a 9.5% decline in same-store sales.

So what is Home Depot, the market leader, doing right? The new Fortune, hitting newsstands this week, delivers some intelligence on that. My colleague Geoff Colvin did a comprehensive interview with Home Depot CFO Carol Tome, who has seen it all. I remember when Tome joined Home Depot from Riverwood International Corp., a packaging and paper products company, 14 years ago. (I was a student of Home Depot back then.) We’ve followed Tome via our Most Powerful Women tracking and watched her weather the tumult as the mega-retailer has gone through four CEOs. Tome has worked for Bernice Marcus, Arthur Blank, Bob Nardelli, and Frank Blake.

Now Blake is Home Depot’s chief, and Tome has an expanding purview. (She’s also on the UPS (UPS) board, where she chairs the audit committee, and last year she joined the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, where she’s deputy chair.) Blake and Tome and their team are doing a lot of smart things. Since you probably don’t yet have your new Fortune in hand and since the Tome interview won’t be on Fortune.com and CNNMoney.com until Thursday, here’s a preview of what the savvy survivor says about “Renovating Home Depot”:

Recognize what you’re good at. “We have a three-legged strategy, and you will recognize this from Jim Collins’ book Good to Great. What are we passionate about? We are passionate about our customers. What are we the best at? Product authority. And what drives our economic engine? Productivity and efficiency. It is no longer driven by square-footage growth. We’re still going to open stores–we’re opening 13 stores this year. But it’s not about that any longer. It’s about how do we get more sales per square foot in the existing stores.”

Rethink your people strategy. “We introduced something we call power hours inside our stores. In the hours when traffic is heaviest, we stop all activity that is not customer-facing–pack-down activities, say–and spend 100% of our time taking care of customers…Even if you’re in the receiving area, if you’re in the vault, you come out on the floor.”

Remember that  the devil is in the details. “The professional contractor is a very important customers to us–3% of our transactions and about 30% of our business. We serve coffee at the pro desk. By changing the brand of coffee–not stopping the coffee, because coffee is important–but by changing the brand, we will save our company $500,000. It doesn’t take too many $500,000 decisions to make a penny per share.”

P.S. Credit Suisse (CS) analyst Gary Balter today reaffirmed his bullish view and raised his estimates on Home Depot, noting that HD’s U.S. quarterly same-store sales, while down 8.5% company-wide and down 6.9% in the U.S., beat Lowe’s for the first time in memory. Guess that cheap coffee isn’t turning off too many Home Depot customers.

The female economy is on my mind. That’s the subject of an upcoming book, Women Want More, that I told you about in yesterday’s post, “Why CEOs should do housework.”

A survey of 12,000 female consumers, by the Boston Consulting Group, was conducted to research the book by BCG marketing expert Michael Silverstein–as I was telling Tory Burch and our dinner companions last evening. The female economy is of interest to Burch since she, in a scant five years, has built a fashion empire with 18 boutiques and sales through 450 other retail outlets. (She doesn’t disclose revenues, but Mexico-based Tresalia Capital last month invested in Tory Burch LLC, giving her company a valuation reportedly around $600 million).

Burch is expanding her business, opening her first boutique abroad, in Japan, in December. So when I told her about Silverstein’s intriguing global research—such as his finding that Brazilian women are most optimistic of all women about their financial prospects–she was eager to hear more.

So here, for Burch and other global-minded marketers, are a few more stats, from BCG’s recent research…

Women in Mexico fall right behind Brazilians in optimism about their own financial outlook. Five years from now, say 89% of them, their financial situation will be better than it is today.

Women in BRIC countries–China, India, Brazil, and Russia–are most optimistic about “the world, your country and community.” Chinese women express the most optimism: 82% expect improvement. Among American women surveyed, only 39% do.

And who are the most pessimistic worldwide? Japanese women–in terms of both their own financial prospects and their outlook on their country and the world.

Hmm, yesterday’s Postcard noted that Japanese husbands do fewer chores at home than men in the rest of the world. Do you think that Japanese women’s pessimism and their mates’ disregard, domestically speaking, have anything to do with each other?

Tuesday’s Guest Post by Starbucks barista Sun Min Kimes jolted Postcards readers like a pot of extra bold Joe. We got over 50 comments–the most comments, as well as the most traffic, of any Guest Post we’ve run except for “The Great Depression, as I remember” by Walt Stoiber.

She struck a chord. As one reader, Oliver in Chicago, said, “Move this person to the Executive suite ASAP!”

Thank you for the comments. We welcome them, always.

And in this case, we’re hoping that Howard Schultz, the man who built Starbucks (SBUX) and is now the company’s chairman and CEO, read his passionate employee’s–or as says, partner’s–good advice.

For Schultz and all the other folks rooting for a Starbucks turnaround, here are a few highlight comments:

Tom in Denver wrote: “PLEASE, Howard, dedicate just one register in the morning for drip coffee. I have a simple order: ‘Grande House.’” Several Starbucks managers replied that this idea is good in theory but not in practice–and not a path to better profitability.

Jim in Florida suggested more promotions to compete with an ever-more aggressive McDonald’s (MCD): “SBUX could probably get more business if they offered some more promos. McD’s has been giving out coupons for free breakfast sandwiches with purchase of a latte ($3 in my area). It ends up being not a bad deal, considering the latte itself is kind of pricey IMO.”

John, a former Starbucks manager in Philadelphia, griped that corporate is more “focused on communicating profit than they are communicating the side of Starbucks that matters.” He noted that “Howard Schultz went on a training rampage about 2 years ago.” But training has slipped, and “a store manager faced with mandatory spending cuts will likely cut training for a Shift Supervisor or Barista and put them directly on the floor.”

Kevin, a Starbucks store manager in Pittsburgh, agreed thay more training is needed, adding, “I have parters ready to attend the Starbucks Experience class but can’t because no one is available to teach it. What happened to Situational Leadership class, or Supervisory Skills class?”

And Donna in Christiansburg, Va. offers advice that I wholeheartedly agree with: “Please turn down the music. Sometimes it is so loud I can’t concentrate on what I’m reading or hear my partner’s conversation.”

Starbucks (SBUX) is one of our favorite topics on Postcards. We’re in the stores everyday. We vigilantly watch CEO Howard Schultz’s efforts to slash costs, revive the brand, treat employees respectfully, satisfy investors, and fight incursions by very aggressive McDonald’s (MCD) and Dunkin’ Donuts. Today’s Wall Street Journal has an interesting story about Starbucks’ latest efficiency efforts–which could compromise the brand “romance,” which Schultz has long said distinguishes Starbucks, and employee (or “partner”) morale. Sun Min Kimes, a behind-the-counter barista at a Starbucks in Ashburn, Virginia felt strongly enough about the struggles to write this Guest Post. We hope Howard Schultz reads it.

by Sun Min Kimes

I started working for Starbucks a couple of years ago, after I returned to the U.S. from Seoul.  I first moved to America 30 years ago, but my husband and I went back to my native country, South Korea, when my daughter–who is a writer-reporter at Fortune–left for college. Upon our return to Ashburn, Virginia, I wanted to get a part-time job, so I drove to the Starbucks near our house and filled out an application.

I was hired after my second interview. When I started the job, I was very nervous about the long lines of customers and complicated terms for everything. Although I came here from Korea many years ago, English is my second language. Sometimes, customers were frustrated if I took too long or made mistakes.  So I made my own homemade notebook of Starbucks recipes and studied it every night.

Eventually, I became comfortable at work. I began to see the same customers every day, and we became friends, even talking about our lives. I met a 45-year-old woman whose teenage son loves sports (like my children did), and a Filipino girl who thought she had to leave the states but received permission to stay.  There’s a gentleman whose wife is terminally ill–he comes in, sits down, and reads a book most days. I think being here comforts him.

Over time, I grew more interested in the company. In fact, many of us “partners” feel this way. We track what is happening through various blogs. We know the business has been going through tough times, so I was happy to hear that profits recently improved. However, I wish we could increase earnings without cutting costs.

It is very difficult sometimes when there are only two people on the floor doing everything. I think that Howard Schultz has made a lot of smart decisions, but I have some suggestions for him.

Howard, I think you have done a good job of being transparent, but it would be wonderful if you communicated more with the workers. I would like to get an internal newsletter, with information about what successful locations are doing, new products, and the company’s strategy. Additionally, customer service would improve if we received reeducation. I know many of us want the opportunity for advanced training.

I’ve heard that, in Seattle, you’re creating new “stealth coffee shops,” called 15th Avenue stores, without the Starbucks brand. Customers will see through this. Instead, why not empower–and incentivize–managers to appeal to their communities by sourcing food, music, and artwork from locals while sustaining our brand?

A few more suggestions: During the morning hours at busy stores, I think many of our customers would appreciate it if a single register were designated for drip coffee. And regarding new products: I just don’t think the company is successful in creating excitement. We’re told to provide samples, but I rarely see them in stores.

I know that Starbucks has been successful with social media, but I think you should reconsider your resistance to nationwide television advertising.  We need to work harder to create buzz.

Regarding our retail items: I haven’t seen sales data, but I question the strategy. The various mugs, stuffed animals, tumblers, etc. look colorful and add to the store’s ambiance, but they sit on our shelves forever.  We always end up marking them down. I think we should offer fewer items, and choose them more carefully.

Finally, you should develop a new plan to reward frequent visitors. Recognition is important to them.

These are pretty small ideas, and they are coming from someone who hasn’t been at Starbucks for that long. But even in my short time, I’ve become invested in the company. I love how it fosters diversity by bringing together people from different countries and walks of life.  After I left my native country for the second time, Starbucks gave me a community. I hope you can keep it thriving.